Trees Of Jaipur III
Wednesday October 8th 2008.
1.KHEJARI : Local Name.
Botanical name: Prosopis Cineraria Druce.
The Khejri tree is the State Tree of Rajasthan, India.
It’s a thorny small tree…. deep-rooted making it thus drought resistant.
Khejri tree is sacred & is considered lucky to grow at home.
It has many uses . .. Its thorny branches are cut and used as a fence to keep animals away from crops,
The leaves are dried and used for feed and its bean-like fruit can be eaten ripe or unripe.
The wood is used as fuel.
2. Castor Tree: Castor bean, Castor oil plant, Wonder tree • Hindi : Arandi
Botanical name: Ricinus communis
The castor tree, is an upright, tropical is a small tree, grows up to 30 feet tall.
The Green leaves have uneven edge.
The flat seeds are in a seedpod that burst when ripen.
When mature the oblong fruit turns brown.
The seeds of castor oil plant, are very poisonous…,however, once prepared commercially castor oil contains no toxic characteristics..
The oil extracted from the beans, is used for medicinal purposes.
Castor seed oil is used to cleanse bowels..(laxative )
Leaf-paste is used as poultice (a warm moist preparation placed on an aching or inflamed part of the body to ease pain)
on sores, gout or rheumatic swellings.
Extraction of an active ingredient from the root by boiling can be applied under medical supervision for backache.
Castor Oil is used in soap-manufacture.
3. Roida LOCAL NAME: -- Sheesham (Weaker variety of teak).
Botanical name : TECOMELLA UNDULATA
It is a medium sized tree & is the main source of timber amongst the indigenous tree species of Rajasthan Desert.
It is nearly evergreen tree of arid and semi arid regions.
Adapts well to drained loamy to sandy loam soil , growing in areas of scanty rainfall and high temperature .
It can withstand extreme low temperature - during winter and high temperature in summers.
Roida is resilient. :is drought, frost, fire and wind hardy.
It produces showy flowers in yellow, orange and red colour.
Roida is used extensively as timber. Its wood is strong, tough,durable and hard-wearing. & can be well finished.
Wood at the center of tree trunk: contains a substance resembling quinine in chemical-structure.
Roida plays an significant role in ecological balance.
As a soil-binder with lateral roots spreading on the top surface of the soil. (prevents soil erosion)
As a windbreak and helps in calming down shifting sand dunes.
As the habitat of birds and provides refuge for other desert wildlife.
As shade during the hot summer months : haven for the cattle, goats and sheep.
Tecomella Undulata has many medicinal attributes.
The bark is used in preparing medicine to fight syphilis infection. ….
urinary ailment, enlargement of spleen, gonorrhoea, leucoderma & liver diseases.
Seeds are used as medicine to be applied on boils & sores. .
5.Khair Tree: Acacia Catechu
Indigenous to Western India.
6.KAIR
Indigenous to Western India ..
Kair fruit is hand picked by the village women and is one of the important ingredients of * punch kutta.
As picked by hand KAIR is expensive.
The fruit has a bitter taste.
To decrease the bitter taste it is soaked in butter milk for 3 days before making the pickle.
7. Haar Singaar: Coral Jasmine
Botanical name: Nyctanthes arbor-tristis
Flower : white petals with orange stem, fragrant,sweet-smelling , flowering from October to April/May .
Nyc tan thes arbor-tris tis accurately stands for: “ night-blooming sad tree”.
It can be trained while it grows. The large leaves are rough and hairy.
The sweet fragrant flowers are very small and pretty with white corolla and an orange-red tube in center and bloom a plenty at night and drop off in the morning: thus result flower carpet in the morning.
Hindus use this fragrant flower during worship.
8.Common Name: Chikoo, Sapodilla plum
Botanical name: Manilkara zapota
A fairly slow-growing, upright and elegant & is strong and wind-resistant.
It can grow up to 18 m high in the open. Leaves are highly attractive, evergreen, glossy, alternate, spirally bunched at the tips of the forked twigs; elliptic (shape or pattern of a geometric ellipse), pointed at both ends & firm. Flowers are small are borne on slender stems at the leaf bases.
The fruit may be nearly round, oblate, oval or conical; varies from 2 to 4 in 5-10 cm in width.
When immature it is hard, gummy and very astringent. Though smooth-skinned it is coated with a sandy brown scurf until fully ripe.
The flesh ranges in color from yellowish to light- or dark-brown or sometimes reddish-brown; may be coarse and somewhat grainy or smooth; becomes soft and very juicy, with a sweet flavor. Some fruits are seedless, but normally there may be from 3 to 12 seeds which are easily removed. They are brown or black, with one white margin; hard, glossy; long-oval, flat, with usually a distinct curved hook on one margin; and about 2 cm long.
9. Common name: Lemon, Nimbu Tree
Botanical name: Citrus limon
A common fruit in India. The lemon has a white, fragrant flower with five petals.
The true lemon tree reaches 10 to 20 ft (3-6 m) in height and usually has sharp thorns on the twigs.
The alternate leaves, reddish when young, become dark-green above, light-green below; are oblong, elliptic or long-ovate,
The fruit is oval with a nipple-like knob at the apex.
10.Common Name: Peepal Tree:
Botanical name: Ficus religiosa
Native to India, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Nepal, South West China
It is a large dry season-deciduous or semi-evergreen tree up to 30 m tall and with a trunk diameter of up to 3 m.
The Buddhist, Jain & Hindus consider Peepal as sacred and therefore the name scared fig.
Gautama Siddhartha obtained his enlightened (Bodhi), or "awakening" (Buddha)….sitting beneath a Peepal tree.
The leaves have characteristic extended tip; they are 10-17cm long and 8-12cm broad, with a
6-10cm petiole.
The fruit is a small fig 1-1.5cm diameter, green on ripening purple.
11.Good OLD BANYAN Tree ,Bengal fig, Indian Banyan or simply Banyan, bargad.
The Tree of Immortality.
Botanical name :Ficus benghalensis.
Ficus in latin means fig.
It can mature into a giant tree covering several hectares.
The Great Banyan in the Indian Botanic Garden, Howrah, is believed to be one of the largest tree in the world, in terms of area covered:(Over an acre).
From far it looks like a forest. Its about 200 years old.
BANYAN Tree fabricates prop roots which grow vertically towards the ground and eventually anchor. .....taking root and grow into woody trunks & its impossible to differentiate from the main trunk.
The figs are eaten by birds and mammals. The seeds are dispersed by birds..
12. Common Name: BER tree: Indian Jujube
Botanical name Ziziphus zizyphus
Is indigenous to India. Growing naturally in hot dry areas.
It is cultivated mainly for the fruit. It’s a small ever green deciduous tree with thorny branches, attaining height of 5-10 m.
Leaves are shiny-green, with three noticeable veins at the base, and a finely toothed margin.
The flowers are small, 5 mm diameter, with five not easily seen yellowish-green petals.
The Ber fruit is drupes eg: Cherries, peaches, apricots, and plums are examples of drupes.
The edible fruit is green when immature & oblong in shape or OVOID (any curve resembling an egg )..
The fleshy fruit has a single hard stone alike an olive stone.
Grows dark red to purplish-black and in time wrinkled.
13. Common Name:Babool
Botanical name: Acacia Arabica.
Is indigenous to hot dry areas in India.
Acacia Arabica, Akis meaning a thorn and Arabica signifying Arabia.
One of the most common trees in the dry arid zones.
It is small medium sized evergreen tree ,with a small trunk & a spreading crown....with feathery foliage.
It is drought resistent....the wood is hardy and resistant to termites.
Used in railways for sleepers ,ploughs, cart-wheels, tent pegs, oil presses etc.
The thorny branches are used for fencing fields.
The tree can be planted as a avenue tree and as wind breaker.
The Reason to convey a comprehensive account on Rajasthan’s trees is that readers should become aware that Rajasthan’s desertification is spreading eastward and the sands are
encroaching more & more on the fertile land.
A continuous process by the conscious individuals who care: to plant indigenous plants in the desert areas of Rajasthan is crucial as .......
Rajasthan comes on top of the list,under “soil eroded areas”.
Soil Erosion is mainly due to the INDISCRIMINATE cutting/felling of the native trees .
There should be a continuous process by the society - not only to plant but also dutifully nurture and protect.
Need of the moment......to plant as many indigenous species in Rajasthan to prevent the massive desertification.
1.KHEJARI : Local Name.
Botanical name: Prosopis Cineraria Druce.
The Khejri tree is the State Tree of Rajasthan, India.
It’s a thorny small tree…. deep-rooted making it thus drought resistant.
Khejri tree is sacred & is considered lucky to grow at home.
It has many uses . .. Its thorny branches are cut and used as a fence to keep animals away from crops,
The leaves are dried and used for feed and its bean-like fruit can be eaten ripe or unripe.
The wood is used as fuel.
2. Castor Tree: Castor bean, Castor oil plant, Wonder tree • Hindi : Arandi
Botanical name: Ricinus communis
The castor tree, is an upright, tropical is a small tree, grows up to 30 feet tall.
The Green leaves have uneven edge.
The flat seeds are in a seedpod that burst when ripen.
When mature the oblong fruit turns brown.
The seeds of castor oil plant, are very poisonous…,however, once prepared commercially castor oil contains no toxic characteristics..
The oil extracted from the beans, is used for medicinal purposes.
Castor seed oil is used to cleanse bowels..(laxative )
Leaf-paste is used as poultice (a warm moist preparation placed on an aching or inflamed part of the body to ease pain)
on sores, gout or rheumatic swellings.
Extraction of an active ingredient from the root by boiling can be applied under medical supervision for backache.
Castor Oil is used in soap-manufacture.
3. Roida LOCAL NAME: -- Sheesham (Weaker variety of teak).
Botanical name : TECOMELLA UNDULATA
It is a medium sized tree & is the main source of timber amongst the indigenous tree species of Rajasthan Desert.
It is nearly evergreen tree of arid and semi arid regions.
Adapts well to drained loamy to sandy loam soil , growing in areas of scanty rainfall and high temperature .
It can withstand extreme low temperature - during winter and high temperature in summers.
Roida is resilient. :is drought, frost, fire and wind hardy.
It produces showy flowers in yellow, orange and red colour.
Roida is used extensively as timber. Its wood is strong, tough,durable and hard-wearing. & can be well finished.
Wood at the center of tree trunk: contains a substance resembling quinine in chemical-structure.
Roida plays an significant role in ecological balance.
As a soil-binder with lateral roots spreading on the top surface of the soil. (prevents soil erosion)
As a windbreak and helps in calming down shifting sand dunes.
As the habitat of birds and provides refuge for other desert wildlife.
As shade during the hot summer months : haven for the cattle, goats and sheep.
Tecomella Undulata has many medicinal attributes.
The bark is used in preparing medicine to fight syphilis infection. ….
urinary ailment, enlargement of spleen, gonorrhoea, leucoderma & liver diseases.
Seeds are used as medicine to be applied on boils & sores. .
5.Khair Tree: Acacia Catechu
Indigenous to Western India.
6.KAIR
Indigenous to Western India ..
Kair fruit is hand picked by the village women and is one of the important ingredients of * punch kutta.
As picked by hand KAIR is expensive.
The fruit has a bitter taste.
To decrease the bitter taste it is soaked in butter milk for 3 days before making the pickle.
7. Haar Singaar: Coral Jasmine
Botanical name: Nyctanthes arbor-tristis
Flower : white petals with orange stem, fragrant,sweet-smelling , flowering from October to April/May .
Nyc tan thes arbor-tris tis accurately stands for: “ night-blooming sad tree”.
It can be trained while it grows. The large leaves are rough and hairy.
The sweet fragrant flowers are very small and pretty with white corolla and an orange-red tube in center and bloom a plenty at night and drop off in the morning: thus result flower carpet in the morning.
Hindus use this fragrant flower during worship.
8.Common Name: Chikoo, Sapodilla plum
Botanical name: Manilkara zapota
A fairly slow-growing, upright and elegant & is strong and wind-resistant.
It can grow up to 18 m high in the open. Leaves are highly attractive, evergreen, glossy, alternate, spirally bunched at the tips of the forked twigs; elliptic (shape or pattern of a geometric ellipse), pointed at both ends & firm. Flowers are small are borne on slender stems at the leaf bases.
The fruit may be nearly round, oblate, oval or conical; varies from 2 to 4 in 5-10 cm in width.
When immature it is hard, gummy and very astringent. Though smooth-skinned it is coated with a sandy brown scurf until fully ripe.
The flesh ranges in color from yellowish to light- or dark-brown or sometimes reddish-brown; may be coarse and somewhat grainy or smooth; becomes soft and very juicy, with a sweet flavor. Some fruits are seedless, but normally there may be from 3 to 12 seeds which are easily removed. They are brown or black, with one white margin; hard, glossy; long-oval, flat, with usually a distinct curved hook on one margin; and about 2 cm long.
9. Common name: Lemon, Nimbu Tree
Botanical name: Citrus limon
A common fruit in India. The lemon has a white, fragrant flower with five petals.
The true lemon tree reaches 10 to 20 ft (3-6 m) in height and usually has sharp thorns on the twigs.
The alternate leaves, reddish when young, become dark-green above, light-green below; are oblong, elliptic or long-ovate,
The fruit is oval with a nipple-like knob at the apex.
10.Common Name: Peepal Tree:
Botanical name: Ficus religiosa
Native to India, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Nepal, South West China
It is a large dry season-deciduous or semi-evergreen tree up to 30 m tall and with a trunk diameter of up to 3 m.
The Buddhist, Jain & Hindus consider Peepal as sacred and therefore the name scared fig.
Gautama Siddhartha obtained his enlightened (Bodhi), or "awakening" (Buddha)….sitting beneath a Peepal tree.
The leaves have characteristic extended tip; they are 10-17cm long and 8-12cm broad, with a
6-10cm petiole.
The fruit is a small fig 1-1.5cm diameter, green on ripening purple.
11.Good OLD BANYAN Tree ,Bengal fig, Indian Banyan or simply Banyan, bargad.
The Tree of Immortality.
Botanical name :Ficus benghalensis.
Ficus in latin means fig.
It can mature into a giant tree covering several hectares.
The Great Banyan in the Indian Botanic Garden, Howrah, is believed to be one of the largest tree in the world, in terms of area covered:(Over an acre).
From far it looks like a forest. Its about 200 years old.
BANYAN Tree fabricates prop roots which grow vertically towards the ground and eventually anchor. .....taking root and grow into woody trunks & its impossible to differentiate from the main trunk.
The figs are eaten by birds and mammals. The seeds are dispersed by birds..
12. Common Name: BER tree: Indian Jujube
Botanical name Ziziphus zizyphus
Is indigenous to India. Growing naturally in hot dry areas.
It is cultivated mainly for the fruit. It’s a small ever green deciduous tree with thorny branches, attaining height of 5-10 m.
Leaves are shiny-green, with three noticeable veins at the base, and a finely toothed margin.
The flowers are small, 5 mm diameter, with five not easily seen yellowish-green petals.
The Ber fruit is drupes eg: Cherries, peaches, apricots, and plums are examples of drupes.
The edible fruit is green when immature & oblong in shape or OVOID (any curve resembling an egg )..
The fleshy fruit has a single hard stone alike an olive stone.
Grows dark red to purplish-black and in time wrinkled.
13. Common Name:Babool
Botanical name: Acacia Arabica.
Is indigenous to hot dry areas in India.
Acacia Arabica, Akis meaning a thorn and Arabica signifying Arabia.
One of the most common trees in the dry arid zones.
It is small medium sized evergreen tree ,with a small trunk & a spreading crown....with feathery foliage.
It is drought resistent....the wood is hardy and resistant to termites.
Used in railways for sleepers ,ploughs, cart-wheels, tent pegs, oil presses etc.
The thorny branches are used for fencing fields.
The tree can be planted as a avenue tree and as wind breaker.
The Reason to convey a comprehensive account on Rajasthan’s trees is that readers should become aware that Rajasthan’s desertification is spreading eastward and the sands are
encroaching more & more on the fertile land.
A continuous process by the conscious individuals who care: to plant indigenous plants in the desert areas of Rajasthan is crucial as .......
Rajasthan comes on top of the list,under “soil eroded areas”.
Soil Erosion is mainly due to the INDISCRIMINATE cutting/felling of the native trees .
There should be a continuous process by the society - not only to plant but also dutifully nurture and protect.
Need of the moment......to plant as many indigenous species in Rajasthan to prevent the massive desertification.
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